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15 November 2006 -
News Updates
'Om'
on the Grange - They're Seriously Meditating In Fairfield, Iowa It was late afternoon in Fairfield, Iowa, and townsfolk were preparing for the daily ritual. Marie-Helene Tourenne, who serves up sublime French fare at the Petit Paris restaurant, removed her apron, left the coq au vin to simmer and exited the kitchen. Lonica Halley, co-owner of Natural Selections, a shop offering organic goods, left the store in the care of her assistant. Even Ed Malloy, the amiable silver-haired mayor, ended a meeting and strode out of his conference room. The three joined a flow of more than a thousand people headed about a mile north of town to the Maharishi University of Management (MUM) and its pair of golden domes, 25,000-square-foot structures that rise above the rolling farmland's barns and silos. There, the pilgrims sat on mats, chairs or the hardwood floor with their backs to a massive altar, facing eastward toward a blank wall. For 20 minutes they remained motionless, in silence. Five o'clock is meditation time in this town of 9,500, about 100 miles southeast of Des Moines.
While other '70s-era spiritual movements are fading, Transcendental Meditation -- or TM, a relaxation and awareness technique using carefully calibrated breathing methods -- is thriving here. Besides the MUM campus, practitioners can pore over meditation literature at 21st Century Books. They can visit Maharishi Vedic City, a model town founded by TM followers just outside Fairfield. Or they can shop at Thymely Solutions, which specializes in homeopathic remedies, and other boutiques started by meditators.
Fairfielders on different sides of the meditation divide, uneasy with one another in the early years, now appear to commingle easily. TM followers point to the ascendance of Malloy -- now serving his third mayoral term -- as a sign of their acceptance. Most non-meditators agree.
By Malloy's account, TM disciples make up a quarter of Fairfield's population. While some prefer to stay in their homes or offices for the exercise, a growing number take part in the group sessions, which are also held at 7:30 each morning. (Iowans aren't alone: According to TM spokesman Bob Roth, the number of those who practice it nationwide is about 5 million and rising.)
Whatever venue they use for their focused relaxation, Fairfield's meditators insist that this town should be near the top of every traveler's destination list, above all for the sense of peace and positive spirit that meditation brings it.
Camille Jorgenson echoed the kind of endearment most locals hold toward the place. A 40-something meditator who moved here in the early '90s, Jorgenson co-owns a company that imports gourmet organic products from Italy and elsewhere. "The power of group meditation makes this one of the most positive-spirited places I know," she said. "Everybody should have the opportunity to see it."
I made a trip to Fairfield and Vedic City last month to do just that. Although not a meditator, I wanted to see how these two tiny dots on the Midwest map became a center of meditation. The answer, it turns out, was simple. The movement's Iowa roots go back to 1973, when TM founder Maharishi Mahesh Yogi started a university in Fairfield. Though many questioned whether it could survive, today MUM (where mediation is a required subject) is a thriving campus, 850 students strong and best known for its computer science and sustainable development programs.
In 2001, Vedic City was founded by meditators four miles north of Fairfield; it now attracts several thousand curious travelers a year, according to Fairfield tourism officials. Organized around 10 circles, it's a scattering of New Age wooden buildings that extends across a bit more than a square mile. Rooms at the Raj, a health spa, and the Rukmapura Park Hotel have been set aside for meditation.
The town applies Vedic principles, traditions dating to ancient India that are designed to bring peace, prosperity and spiritual well-being to those who practice them. TM is one of the best known Vedic traditions. But it also pertains to a style of architecture in which the placement of a building and its rooms are oriented in relation to the sun's movement. All of Vedic City's 200 or so buildings, including office buildings and homes for its 200 to 300 residents, were built using those guidelines. Food growing, education and other aspects of life also have been aligned with the principles of Veda, the holy scripture of Hinduism.
To an outsider, TM seemed intangible and a bit cultish at first. After observing the group meditation session at MUM, I met on campus with Roth and Norman Zierold, another spokesman for the TM movement. "[It's] not hard or complicated," Roth said. "It's a deep-breathing technique that helps relax the body and mind. When people really get engaged in it, many of them want to change other aspects of their lives, such as diet. But TM doesn't require that." It calls only for practitioners to meditate for 20 minutes twice a day, he explained. The training can be received from specialists in almost any American city and costs $2,500, including four days of lessons and follow-up consultations.
To see Vedic City, which is ungated and open to the public, you can book a guided tour in Fairfield or pick up a map and do it yourself. When Roth offered to show me around, I jumped in his Jeep for a firsthand look. It was a Sunday, so we stopped for the weekly brunch offered by Dean and Christine Goodale on the hilly lawn of their Vedic City organic farm. The all-you-can-eat gourmet spread, including stuffed crepes and house-made fruit tarts, is served, weather permitting, on picnic tables for $15 a head. There I met architect Jonathan Lipman, who moved from Washington and now designs buildings in Vedic style here and in other parts of the country. He walked me through the basic idea behind Sthapatya Ved, the Vedic components of building design. The key is to align all rooms to take full advantage of the sun as it moves overhead, he explained. The kitchen is usually best in the southeast corner; the living room should face west; and the master bedroom should be in the southwest corner.
Interested to see these rules applied, I was delighted when Jorgenson and her husband, Chris, invited me to visit their home, a spacious one-story structure with sweeping ceilings and vast open areas. "It sounds like a cliche," Chris Jorgenson said, "but living in a place like this makes you feel healthier and more balanced."
Beyond their living spaces, Vedic City residents are big on healthful foods. A Vedic City ordinance bans the use of chemicals in plant production; most of the produce is grown by a few organic farms. I visited one, a 12-acre sprawl of vegetables perched on a hillside, and Steve McClaskey, the horticulturalist who runs the farm, guided me around. In the outdoor garden and adjacent greenhouse, there were vines hanging heavy with cherry tomatoes, clusters of broccoli and rows of Swiss chard. With this heavy accent on healthy living, it's no wonder that Mother Jones magazine, the bible for the ecologically minded, earlier this year named Fairfield among the dozen best places to live that you've never heard of.
Back in Fairfield, I met with Malloy and asked how his town had merited such a distinction. He cited the unusual mood of tolerance for diversity, the heavy support for the arts and the myriad small businesses. "If small-town America has a future," he said, "it's going to look something like this." It sounded like the kind of thing a mayor would say.
But as the day wound down, I paused to look at the town square with its gazebo, at a nearby row of ethnic restaurants, at a woman dressed in a bright blue sari walking past. Perhaps there was something in the mayor's words, I thought. And then, suddenly, a parade of cars started moving past in the direction of the golden domes. It was meditation time again.
India
Revisited
Is India's gain America's loss? Sunny globalists like New York Times columnist Thomas L. Friedman delight in India’s rising economic prominence, led by its vast pool of high-tech engineers. Then there’s the apocalyptic crowd, who believe that India’s advancement is inexorably tied to America’s ruin. In their eyes, every time a U.S. job leaves for India--where well-trained people will get the job done for 30% or less of U.S. wages--American workers and the overall U.S. economy suffer a grievous wound.
The answer is less clear-cut than either side would have you believe. India’s new status as a high-tech powerhouse is creating headaches that could soon cause India to look a lot more like any prosperous Western country wrestling with complacency, obesity and all the other ailments of the well-to-do. That doesn’t mean Americans can kick back and chill. But as the monetary costs of doing business internationally level out, new opportunities for clever capitalists will appear.
Back in the 1980s, I got to know India as a student of developmental economics and as a visitor who rode rickety overnight buses that swerved around roadside cows. Back then, government restrictions and infrastructure problems made it simply too hard and too expensive to do much high-tech work in India. Returning to India earlier this year, I was awed by many of the changes triggered by more liberal economic policies and the influx of work that came as international companies first swerved to avoid Y2K problems, then looked for cost savings by piping work overseas via the Internet. Now cities like Bangalore and Hyderabad hum with energy, money and opportunities.
When I returned to the U.S., a Silicon Valley friend glumly asked if I too was convinced that American businesses would soon be hollow shells, mere marketing fronts for legions of harder working Indian engineering enterprises. Not quite, I said. On the one hand, there is plenty of evidence of the energy and smarts of the Indian workforce.
Stuck in a traffic jam in downtown Bangalore on a work morning, I saw jauntiness in the step of the people heading to work. Locals even take a weird pride in the morning traffic snarls. Look at how busy we are! Just about everyone clutched a cellphone. Just about everyone looks young--because they are. More than a third of India’s population is under the age of 15, making it among the most youthful nations on the planet and certainly younger on average than China.
The startups and companies I visited in Bangalore included giants such as Wipro as well as homegrown ventures such as Cosmic Circuits, which design analog circuits for companies making wireless gadgets. These little companies are virtual cousins to Silicon Valley startups. Ganapathy Subramaniam started Cosmic Circuits with four colleagues after he had spent 16 years at Texas Instruments-India. The engineers kicked in their own money and got their start in Subramaniam’s living room. Within a few months they had lined up a couple of international clients and were recruiting on top Indian campuses for “freshers,” or recent engineering graduate students. They were so keen to meet one deadline that many people in the company worked for seven days without leaving the office.
Now, 15 months later, Cosmic Circuits employs more than 50 engineers working on analog chip design and has a dozen international customers. The company's offices have moved to the eastern fringe of Bangalore in part because the cost of downtown office space rivals San Francisco. From its building, you can see a rash of construction: luxury homes, tunneling into streets to lay fiber optic cable, even bamboo scaffolding swaddling a new local temple. Subramaniam loved his tenure at TI. But he is eager to demonstrate that Indian companies can hold their own with the best. “India has proved herself in software services,” he says. “Can we do it in semiconductor design? That’s our ambition.”
India’s more established companies are now struggling with the problems their American competitors face. Big companies, including Wipro, Microsoft, Google and Dell, fill up towering modern offices surrounded by carefully manicured lawns. It’s only a short stroll across those lawns, however, to another office--and another job and a bump up in salary. Managers are reluctant to discuss turnover, but it’s a big issue here. Wages are rising steadily, particularly for more experienced engineers. Dataquest India reported last year that engineers could expect an 18% average salary bump each year. A few years ago, anthropologists Akhil Gupta and James Ferguson of Stanford University observed that “the ‘distance’ between the rich in Bombay and those in London may be much shorter than that between different classes in ‘the same’ city.” Translation: India is embarking on some of the same ups and downs that characterize America. True, Indian companies will beat out some U.S. competitors for jobs. But as India’s upper middle class continues to expand, smart U.S. companies will look for ways to tailor products to consumers in Mumbai and Bangalore. That’s already happening in the mobile phone business. Does it mean more or fewer jobs for Americans? It means different jobs, different opportunities, different markets. And realizing that our competitors look very much like we do. |
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